STATEGIC MARKETING PLANNING AND COMMUNICATION Essay

STATEGIC MARKETING PLANNING AND COMMUNICATION - Essay Example Natural Analysis of Pfizer When taking a gander at the difficulties for Pfizer, it is imperative to take a gander at the earth of the whole pharmaceutical industry. Over the most recent couple of years, this industry has gotten as serious as some other. Due to innovative advances, the more tight controls that have been place on administrative consistence and â€Å"volatile financial specialist confidence† (Verbigena Consulting, n.d.) the pharmaceutical business has gotten exceptionally serious. There are numerous approaches to see how this has occurred and its impact on explicit organizations in the business. For this investigation this analyst has utilized the PEST (political, monetary, social and mechanical) model. In this model, it is imperative to recognize those issues that are a piece of the condition that makes the pharmaceutical organization meet the opposition just as meet the earth head on. Thusly, they can break down their opposition to ensure that they are doing wh at is required. Political investigation In taking a gander at the pharmaceutical business, it has become progressively serious on the grounds that there has been an accentuation on human services everywhere throughout the world. Individuals are living longer and they have more access to elective modalities of social insurance. Likewise, social insurance has gotten increasingly costly to the normal purchaser which as implied that there should be change on all levels. Medicinal services isn't only a monetary weight to an economy yet it is likewise a social weight. This implies legislative issues become possibly the most important factor when there should be changes to advance social government assistance (In the UK the National Healthcare Service banter over Medicare is one model). Financial Value The pharmaceutical business is anticipated to increment later on. Since 2003, there have been considerable builds due to â€Å"high esteem mergers and acquisitions† (Verbigena Consult ing, p. 3.). Numerous investigators have anticipated that pharmaceutical stock would increment to 10.5% by 2010 which implied that deals would reach $500 billion. This isn't inconceivable in light of the fact that our social orders are ones that are dependant on drugs (both over the counter and solution) for some infirmities and to battle infection. Albeit a vast lion's share of deals start in the US, Japan and EU, 80% of deals are conveyed more than nine nations: â€Å"US, Japan, France, Germany, UK, Italy, Canada, Brazil and Spain† (Verbigena Consulting, p. 3). Deals are relied upon to increment as individuals age and medicinal services is improved. Social Value Everyone is focusing on acceptable wellbeing today. There are numerous articles over the Internet that advise individuals what to look like better, how to get in shape, how to quit maturing and that's only the tip of the iceberg. Along these lines, pharmaceutical organizations have a zone that is continually develop ing. Worldwide plagues like AIDS or SARS have helped the pharmaceutical organizations push for a fix and their inquiry has made an open door in the media to follow their advancement. This likewise implies the pharmaceutical organizations need to keep great relations with the media, government and different associations that can assist them with keeping the world out that they are working superbly. Innovation Technology has improved throughout the years and science has been one of those enhancements. The pharmaceutical organizations need to stay aware of the innovative requests in the entirety of the enterprises they take part inside. Likewise, these organizations need to spend more cash on innovative work with the goal that their representatives will turn out to be increasingly creative in delivering their items. Legitimate The FDA and other lawful

Examples of Informalization in English

Instances of Informalization in English In etymology, informalization is the fuse of parts of cozy, individual talk, (for example, everyday language) into open types of spoken and composed communicationâ is called informalization. Its likewise called demotization. Conversationalization is a key part of the more broad procedure of informalization, however the two terms are once in a while treated as equivalent words. A few etymologists (most strikingly talk examiner Norman Fairclough) utilize the articulation fringe intersection to portray what they see as the improvement in post-industrialized social orders of an unpredictable scope of new social connections, with conduct (counting etymological conduct) . . . changing accordingly (Sharon Goodman, Redesigning English, 1996). Informalization is a prime case of this change. Fairclough further portrays informalization accordingly: The designing of familiarity, kinship, and even closeness involves an intersection of outskirts between the general population and the private, the business and the local, which is mostly established by a reproduction of the digressive acts of regular daily existence, conversational talk. (Norman Fairclough, Border Crossings: Discourse and Social Change in Contemporary Societies. Change and Language, ed. by H. Coleman and L. Cameron. Multilingual Matters, 1996) Attributes of Informalization Semantically, [informalization involves] abbreviated terms of address, compressions of negatives and assistant action words, the utilization of dynamic as opposed to uninvolved sentence developments, conversational language and slang. It can likewise include the reception of local accents (instead of state Standard English) or expanded measures of self-divulgence of private emotions in open settings (for example it tends to be found in television shows or in the work environment). (Paul Baker and Sibonile Ellece, Key Terms in Discourse Analysis. Continuum, 2011) Informalization and Marketization Is the English language getting progressively casual? The contention set forward by certain etymologists, (for example, Fairclough) is that the limits between language frames generally saved for personal connections and those held for increasingly formal circumstances are getting obscured. . . . In numerous specific situations, . . . general society and expert circle is said to turning out to be injected with private talk. . . . On the off chance that the procedures of informalization and marketization are without a doubt getting progressively broad, at that point this suggests there is a necessity for English speakers by and large not exclusively to manage, and react to, this inexorably marketized and casual English, yet additionally to get associated with the procedure. For instance, individuals may feel that they have to utilize English in better approaches to offer themselves so as to pick up business. Or then again they may need to learn new etymological procedures to keep the employments they as of now haveto converse with the general population, for example. As it were, they need to become makers of limited time writings. This can have ramifications for the manners by which individuals see themselves.(Sharon Goodman, Market Forces Speak English. Overhauling English: New Texts, New Identities. Routledge, 1996) The Engineering of Informality in Conversationalization and Personalization [Norman] Fairclough recommends that the designing of familiarity (1996) has two covering strands: conversationalization and personalization. Conversationalizationas the term impliesinvolves the spread into the open space of etymological highlights for the most part connected with discussion. It is normally connected with personalization: the development of an individual connection between the makers and beneficiaries of open talk. Fairclough is conflicted toward informalization. On the positive side, it may be seen as a feature of the procedure of social democratization, an opening up of the tip top and select conventions of the open area to verbose practices which we would all be able to accomplish (1995: 138). To balance this constructive perusing of informalization, Fairclough brings up that the printed appearance of character in an open, broad communications content should consistently be fake. He guarantees that this kind of engineered personalization just reenacts solidarity, a nd is a procedure of regulation concealing compulsion and control under a facade of correspondence. (Michael Pearce, The Routledge Dictionary of English Language Studies. Routledge, 2007) Media Language Informalization and colloquialization have been all around archived in the language of the media. In news reportage, for instance, the previous three decades have seen an unmistakable pattern away from the cool removing of conventional composed style and towards a sort of unconstrained unequivocal quality which (however frequently created) is plainly expected to infuse into journalistic talk a portion of the quickness of oral correspondence. Such advancements have been evaluated in printed examination; for example, an ongoing corpus-based investigation of publications in the British quality press in the twentieth century (Westin 2002) shows informalization as a pattern enduring through the twentieth century, and quickening towards its end. (Geoffrey Leech, Marianne Hundt, Christian Mair, and Nicholas Smith, Change in Contemporary English: A Grammatical Study. Cambridge University Press, 2010)In an exploratory investigation, Sanders and Redeker (1993) found that perusers acknowledged news writings with embedded free roundabout musings as more vivacious and sensational than content without such components, and yet assessed them as less appropriate for the news content type (Sanders and Redeker 1993). . . . Pearce (2005) calls attention to that open talk, for example, news writings and political writings, is affected by a general pattern towards informalization. Qualities incorporate, in Pearces view, personalization and conversationalization; phonetic markers of these ideas have gotten increasingly visit in news messages in the course of the most recent fifty years (Vis, Sanders Spooren, 2009). (Josã © Sanders, Intertwined Voices: Journalists Modes of Representing Source Information in Journalistic Subgenres. Printed Choices in Discourse: A View from Cognitive Linguistics, ed. by Barbara Dancygier, Josã © Sanders, Lieven Vandelanotte. John Benjamins, 2012)

The Sneaky Role of Some Additives in Cigarettes

The Sneaky Role of Some Additives in Cigarettes Addiction Nicotine Use The Inside of Cigarettes Print The Sneaky Reasons Behind Some Cigarette Additives By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on June 08, 2016 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on February 14, 2020 Design Pics/Kelly Redinger/Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use The Inside of Cigarettes After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery As of Dec. 20, 2019, the new legal age limit is 21 years old for purchasing cigarettes, cigars, or any other tobacco products in the U.S. In April of 1994, a master list of 599 additives used in the production of American cigarettes was made public, with five major tobacco companies reporting. Up to that time, the constituents of cigarettes were unknown to anyone but the companies producing them.  Today, while many questions still remain, researchers have uncovered plenty of useful information about the additives in cigarettes, and it all started with that list. For the most part, cigarette manufacturers maintain that their additives add flavor, act as a humectant or are used as a processing aid, as in this list of additives from Philip Morris.  Science shows us that much more is going on, however. Researchers Michael Rabinoff, DO, PhD, Nicholas Caskey, PhD, Anthony Rissling, MA, and Candice Park, BS reviewed publicly available tobacco industry documents, the list of 599 additives and other sources. The findings:  More than 100 of them have qualities  that may either enhance addiction or mask the negative effects of cigarettes. Whether the additional properties of tobacco additives were designed into commercial cigarettes by Big Tobacco is unproven, but researchers all agree that strict regulatory control over tobacco additives is of vital importance. The Effects of Cigarette Additives Dilate the airways, allowing the smoker to inhale more deeply and deposit higher levels of tar in the lungs. Cocoa is an additive known to do this.Addictive potential of their own or synergistically with nicotine.Slow the metabolism of nicotine, increasing smokers exposure.Anesthetic properties that decrease the harshness of tobacco smoke on the throat.Mask smell, visibility, and irritation of environmental tobacco smoke.Disguise warning symptoms of illnesses associated with cigarette smoking. Common Tobacco Additives Tobacco documents show that cigarette companies have investigated ways to develop cigarettes that will hook the user more quickly and thoroughly to nicotine,  researching everything from enhancing the nicotine in cigarettes through genetically engineered tobacco plants to developing nicotine extracts and using sheet tobacco as an additive in the manufacturing process.?? A Long List of Cigarette Ingredients Ammonia Ammonia added to cigarettes reacts with nicotine in a process call free-basing.  The result is a bigger nicotine kick for the smoker. What Does Ammonia in Cigarettes Do? Menthol Derived from mint oils, menthol is another additive thought to play a significant role in favorably introducing young people to cigarettes.  Menthol is a mild local anesthetic, and when added to cigarettes can ease throat irritation caused by cigarette smoke.?? Eugenol is another additive that is used as a numbing agent for the harsh qualities of cigarette smoke. Are Clove Cigarettes a Healthy Way to Smoke? Acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde is formed when cigarette ingredients and additives, including sugars are burned.  Animal research conducted by Philip Morris showed a synergistic effect between acetaldehyde and nicotine. Rats pressed a bar more for the combination of the two chemicals than for either one alone. If the data were generalized to humans, it would relate to increased puffs on a cigarette due to the synergistic effect of nicotine and acetaldehyde in tobacco smoke. Sheet Tobacco Cigarette manufacturers reconstitute bits of leftover tobacco plant stems, stalks, scraps, collected dust, and floor sweepings into an ingredient that can be added back into the final cigarette product. The process involves grinding all of the above materials, extracting the nicotine from them, and then adding glue, fillers, chemicals, and other agents to form a slurry.  The mixture is then pressed into a sheet, puffed up, and the extracted nicotine is sprayed on it.  From there, it is ground up once again into fine curls that are incorporated into cigarettes in the desired amount. Sheet tobacco is a major ingredient in modern manufactured cigarettes. Toxic Byproducts of Burning Cigarettes As mentioned above, the burning of benign food additives by themselves and in combination with other additives can create new chemical compounds that are hazardous to human health.?? And, to make matters worse, pesticides used in tobacco farming and heavy metals found naturally in the soil, some of which are radioactive,  can linger and travel on to the finished product (and the consumer).   Get Help to Quit Smoking Addiction tells us there is no good time to quit, so ignore the urge to put it off and start your quit program today. Quit Smoking and Make It Stick!

Literary Elements in A Rose For Emily Essay - 1695 Words

Escaping Loneliness In A Rose for Emily, William Faulkners use of setting and characterization foreshadows and builds up to the climax of the story. His use of metaphors prepares the reader for the bittersweet ending. A theme of respectability and the loss of, is threaded throughout the story. Appropriately, the story begins with death, flashes back to the past and hints towards the demise of a woman and the traditions of the past she personifies. Faulkner has carefully crafted a multi-layered masterpiece, and he uses setting, characterization, and theme to move it along. Miss Emilys house as the setting of the story is a perfect metaphor for the events occurring during†¦show more content†¦While the outside of her house mirrors her physical decay the interior of the house allows the reader a glimpse into her mental and emotional state. Even though the outside may still be somewhat beautiful and dominating with its classic structure, the inside of the house smelling of dust and disuse and with furniture in which the leather was cracked (622)shows that the admirable elegance Miss Emily portrays is just a faà §ade. From the tarnished gilt easel holding her fathers picture and the tarnished gold head of her cane to the dim hall from which a staircase mounted into still more shadow Faulkner uses the interiorof her house to allude to Miss Emilys flawed, dark and decaying mind. Miss Emilys appearance on her deathbed with her gray head propped on a pillow yellow and moldy with age and lack of sunlight (627) not only resembles the objects in her house covered in dust but also prepares the reader for the climax of the story. In the final scene when the townspeople find Homer in the room with curtains of faded rose-color and rose colored lights (627), the dark side of Miss Emilys rose-colored world is unveiled. Her obvious loneliness, recorded by the indention on the pillow next to Homers body, makes her sin almostShow MoreRelatedA Rose for Emily by William Faulkner Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesIn Faulkner’s, â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, Emily lives in a world of her own making. This is because townspeople in Jefferson holds Miss Emily in such high regards. To them, she symbolizes the customs of the old south, or what the town Jefferson once was. For Emily and also for the townspeople time is relative, the past is an ever-present realm in Jefferson. For this reason people wish to respect Emily and preserve her customs; even if it means intruding into her personal life, or turning the cheek towardsRead MoreLiterature and Aspects of the Human Experience Essays1584 Words   |  7 Pagestheir ideas about life through language, literary devices, and imagery. The human experience of love is one that every person can relate to. 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And with thatRead MoreA Tale of Terror 1087 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† a short story about the odd Emily Grierson, a once well-respected woman in a small southern town, takes readers into a whirlwind of a story leading up to a horrifying discovery about Miss Emily’s secretive demeanor. Through his characterization of Miss Emily, his descriptions of the setting, and his use of foreshadowing, Faulkner effectively develops â€Å"A Rose for Emily† into a horrific tale. The first way that Faulkner organizes â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is in his characterizationRead MoreA Rose for Emily by William Faulkner719 Words   |  3 Pagesthere was a new literary movement that came to the surface. The new movement was called Southern Gothic. William Faulkner was a Southern Gothic writer who wrote â€Å"A Rose for Emily. Southern Gothic writers focused on depicting southern life in the United States after the Civil War by using grotesque themes, imagery, and symbolism. A major theme in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is traditions versus change. Faulkner uses Emily, the main character in his narrative, to convey the fight that Emily put up for tryingRead MoreAnalysis Of A Rose For Emily By William Faulkner And A Rose For Emily1023 Words   |  5 PagesThe global temporal/geographic setting and the third person point of view through which both short stories are told are essential literary elements to â€Å"likes† by Sarah Shun-lien Bynum and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner. The settings in both story provide the reader with context in order to understand the conflict within both stories. Also the point of view the narrator in each story narrates from gives the reader an understanding between both conflicting sides of the story. A further analysisRead MoreEssay on Connecting Symbols in A Rose for Emily1248 Words   |  5 PagesThe literary world contains a vast collection of works, each employing diverse techniques in writ ing. One technique commonly found in literature is the use of images and symbols. Symbols are sometimes complex and contain both literal and figurative significance. Symbolism in literature is commonly used to bind the attributes of an object with various segments of a story to provide the reader with a deeper understanding and sometimes hidden meaning. In the short story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† WilliamRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1144 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"A Rose for Emily† William Faulkner presents very disturbing instances and events that lead up to a shocking ending. Throughout the story, the narrator gives just enough information about Miss Emily’s past and present that leaves suspense until the very end. Miss Emily’s hardships throughout her life lead up to a mental breakdown. The author combines various literary elements to produce a brilliant and compelling short story. In his short story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† , William Faulkner makes goodRead MoreAnalysis Of A Rose For Emily Essay1643 Words   |  7 PagesBeing An Outcast: Emily As Manifesting Thematic Alienation in Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† I. Introduction Being taught in high schools and universities all across the nation, William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† has achieved a great deal of both academic and mainstream respect in the United States. In being arguably one of Faulkner’s strongest stories, and since Faulkner himself has assumed the position of being one of the great masters of American fiction, â€Å"A Rose† is undoubtedlyRead MoreThe Mystery of the Rose and the Narrator in A Rose for Emily by Faulkner1182 Words   |  5 PagesWhile one of the most traditional interpretations of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is the variety of meanings for the â€Å"rose† presented in the title and how the â€Å"rose† fits in with the story. Laura Getty states in her article many varied perspectives that many could ponder when identifying what the â€Å"rose† stands for. She states many possible theories that depict what the â€Å"rose† means, including theories of ot her writers that help support her own theory and also that adds another way that most might not consider

Business Law - 4 steps process assignment - 2335 Words

Question 1 Step 1 The legal issue is whether the element of agreement can be established to form a contract between Jordan and Will. Step 2 Making a contract requires three elements, which are agreement, intention to be legally bound and consideration (Do and Duperouzel, 2014). However, the element of agreement will be discussed here. An agreement is a meeting of the minds of both parties in which they comprehend what essential terms for the contract are. It is made of offer and acceptance. Offer is made by offeror to express the willingness to contract on certain terms, whereas acceptance is the assent to these terms of offeror (Do and Duperouzel, 2014). An offer requires several rules to contract. Firstly, it must be sufficiently†¦show more content†¦Adams sued Lindsell for breach of contract. The court agreed with Adams in accordance with the postal acceptance rule, an agreement was reached the moment Adam posted the letter. Step 3 The question asks about whether the requirements of an agreement are fulfilled to be able to form a legally enforceable contract between Jordan and Will in this case study. The email sent by Will regarding the three-weeks trip to West Indies including flight ticket to West Indies and accommodation in Antigua, Barbuda and Dominica for $12200 is considered promissory and sufficiently complete because it clearly stated the services that Will’s company can provide for a specific price. It is not an invitation to treat as it is made for a particular person, in this case it is Jordan. The offer sent at 11am Monday was also open for a specified period of time, as Will asked Jordan to confirm by post before 12 noon Thursday that same week. Therefore, this email is considered as a valid offer. Jordan was happy with the offer and posted an acceptance letter to Will on that Monday afternoon. It had the same terms with Will’s offer and was made in applicable time of the offer. Therefore that letter is considered an acceptance. Generally, an agreement will be reached when Will receives the acceptance letter of Jordan. Unfortunately, there was an unexpected event that led to the delay of the acceptance letter. By the time Will received the letter, it has alreadyShow MoreRelatedthis is an essay1741 Words   |  7 Pages[PDF] 11011 Business Law 100 Semester 1, 2012 - Curtin ... https://business.curtin.edu.au/downloadFile.cfm?fileId=D4471A94...‎ Feb 10, 2012 - 3 Construct a coherent and logical legal argument using the four step process approach. 4 Apply relevant legal concepts and principles to  ... 2. 4 main steps in the legal research process - Introduction to ... unimelb.libguides.com/content.php?pid=172459sid=1451390‎ Jun 11, 2013 - You might also go to an encyclopedia such as Halsburys Laws of AustraliaRead MoreService Request Sr-Kf-013 Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesCampus BSA 375: Fundamentals of Business Systems Development Mr. Eric Secrist October 8, 2012 Service Request SR-kf-013 Draft In today’s economy many individuals try to cut costs as much as possible. 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Was Robespierre More a Success Than a Failure as a Revolutionary Leader Free Essays

Introduction to Robespierre: Robespierre was a French lawyer, politician and one of the most influential figures of the French- Revolution. Influenced by 18th century philosophes such as Rousseau, he was a capable articulator of the beliefs of the left-wing bourgeoisie. Successes: Gained support of the majority: He gained the title â€Å"incorruptible†. We will write a custom essay sample on Was Robespierre More a Success Than a Failure as a Revolutionary Leader? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Particularly interested in the rights of man and revolutionary virtue. Earned his reputation in the Estates General as a defender of the poor. He genuinely believed that the people of France were good and was therefore capable of achieving social and public well being in France. While the Constituent Assembly was preoccupied with drawing up a constitution, Robespierre turned from the assembly of lawyers and wealthy bourgeoisie to the people of France. He was very successful in voicing out his ideas for the Declaration of the Rights of man and constitutional provision. In the Jacobin Club, he found a sympathetic audience among the intelligent artisans and small shopkeepers who became members of the club. His fanaticism won him supporters; his singularly sweet and sympathetic voice gained him hearers; and his upright life attracted the admiration of all Establishment of the Republic: Robespierre’s main ideal was to ensure the virtue and sovereignty of the people. He disapproved of any acts which could be seen as exposing the nation to counter-revolutionaries and traitors, and became increasingly fearful of the defeat of the Revolution. He instigated the Terror and the deaths of his peers as a measure of ensuring a Republic of Virtue Establishment of the National Convention – to sweep away the enemies Supported execution of Louis â€Å"For Louis I have neither hate, not love. I only hate his crimes† Destruction of the Gironidsts – Maxim Isnard, Girondist, spoke about counter-revolution and on 2nd June, a crowed of armed men from the Commune of Paris arrested 32 deputies from the convention Reign of Terror: After Robespierre was elected to the Committee of Public safety (a revolutionary tribunal), he earned a dominat position after the fall of the monarchy and declared â€Å"It is time to horrify all the conspirators† The terror acted against real and suspected enemies of the evolution and extended into every corner of France. Victims were mostly the aristocracy, bourgeoisie and members of the clergy but also included members of other classes. In all, perhaps 40,000 people were executed. Leadership of War was decisive: A revolutionary war must be waged to free subjects and slaves from unjust tyranny, not for the traditional reasons of defending dynasties and expanding frontiers. Failures: Short-term rule (1793-1794) Enemies were paralysed briefly: Cecile Renault, woman who tried to murder Robespierre and other politicains who opposed him for being a dictator and associated with Danton’s death â€Å"the blood of Danton chokes him† Socio-religious and economic policies weren’t a success How to cite Was Robespierre More a Success Than a Failure as a Revolutionary Leader?, Papers

Nationalism Inherently Expansionist and Destructive Force Essay Example

Nationalism: Inherently Expansionist and Destructive Force Paper The most notable way in which Nationalism is a truly expansionist and destructive force is through its tendency to create a them and us with regard to other nations. Within expansionist Nationalism, for example, there are examples of a kind of perceived chauvinist superiority, one which is seen to justify the concept of imperialism, seeing colonisation as a moral duty. It is intrinsic then, to some branches of the ideology, that there is a necessity for expansionism. This area in particular is firmly rooted in militarism (a destructive force in itself) and has, in the past evolved such concepts of Pan-Nationalism, which views the concept of expansionism as a necessary and more importantly unifying force. The unification of the nation is something which is fundamental to all nationalists, something which in this case has been taken to the point of expansionism to adhere too, and so can be viewed as a motivation for such destructive ideas. Similarly, Nationalism has a tendency to breed within nations themselves, an intolerance based on race. Some branches of chauvinistic nationalism view multi racial nations to be weak, often creating a hierarchy among those who belong to them. There is also a mistrust of democracy, as it is believed this hands far too much power to the minorities, and so thus often lead to inevitably destructive dictatorships. At the most extreme level it is perceived as being important that minority races to not dilute the purity of the nation with multiculturalism, often with a national hatred catalysed through massive amounts propaganda and national historical pride. In cases such as Nazi Germany and Serbia these kind of nationalist ideas have led to genocide with the murder of millions based solely on race. These ideas stem primarily from the nationalist ideas of patriotism being extended to a hysterical level, and from the need to make the nation (which of course takes precedence) to become as st rong as possible. We will write a custom essay sample on Nationalism: Inherently Expansionist and Destructive Force specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nationalism: Inherently Expansionist and Destructive Force specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nationalism: Inherently Expansionist and Destructive Force specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It could also be argued that nationalism is a potentially self destructive force when applied on a universal level. Firstly, the fact that there is no limit placed on the fragmentation of nation, in that there is no natural minimum size on which independence can be claimed. On a universal level then, it would be impossible to assume that all the nations in the world would not feel different cultural or ethnic separatism within itself. Their loyalties would not necessarily lying with the main nation, but could instead be with another smaller nation within this. Similarly there is the ever present problem of divided loyalties within the nation. This means that some people may feel a stronger loyalty toward their religion or ethnic background than toward the nation. In multiethnic nations (such as those in middle east; Iran, Afghanistan etc) where different loyalties are forced to coexist nations can often be on the brink of civil war because the subjective loyalty to the nation above all else is absent. For this reason artificial nations can be assumed to be ineffective, with the idea of nationalism only being effective if there is significant subjective loyalty. Nationalism is however, not necessarily a strictly destructive force. The idea of Anti Colonialist Nationalism is something which, while still embodying the ideals of nationhood is used for a goal of national liberation. It is an anti oppressive branch of nationalism which embodies a somewhat socialist opposition to inequality and exploitation within the ideas of community and cooperation. This is an example of nationalism being used to unite people (or a nation) under a common goal of liberation and anti oppression, and in opposition to the militarist expansionist branches of the ideology. This demonstrates two things. Firstly that that western nationalism, in the expansionism brought with them the seed of their own destruction, with those in the developing world using their own nationalist ideals in retaliation to unify themselves in opposition. Secondly that nationalism is not inherently destructive and expansionist, as its fundamental ideas can be used in ways that are liberating and essentially good. This idea is similarly reflected in the early forms of liberal nationalism. Early nationalism was focused less on expansion and militarism more on concepts within the nation, such as the defence of popular sovereignty and national freedoms and liberties. As liberalism itself was written in the language of rights it is inivitable that Liberal nationalism would seek not to destroy but to internally protect the rights of the nation and so those within it. Liberal Nationalism, like Anti Colonial Nationalism, opposes all forms of foreign domination and oppression, and perhaps more significantly pulls focus away from the unification or independence of the nation. These two concepts are often at the heart of the need to expand or rather more obviously purify a nation, and so can be assumed to be much of the destructive force behind nationalism. Nationalism as an ideology, is one which is divided along different extremes, and so as a result cannot realistically be inherently anything. While the cases which have seen nationalism become expansionist and destructive (such as Nazi Germany) were fundamentally based on the nationalist ideals of patriotism, strength and prominence of the nation, it is the individual interpretation of these ideals taken to massive extremes that resulted in their destructive nature. It clear however that the idea of the nation and, more importantly its rights is present in many areas of the ideology, from the early liberal ideals, to later with the anti-oppressive Anti Colonial Nationalism, something which suggests that its ideas (at a basic level at least) can fundamentally be good and anti destructivist.

The Human Eye essays

The Human Eye essays 1. Fibrous tunic outer protection and support. non-elastic (it has the same constant refractory index) consists of high amounts of collagen fibers only organ transplanted from one individual to another without rejection for light refraction (light bending),(most important. feature regarding refraction) cornea and lens are involved with refraction o the lens is not part of any tunic, because of the variable elastic change (it is elastic) hence the refractive index can change, the lens is also avascular non-elastic (therefore part of the tunic) anchors extrinsic eye muscles LR6[SO4]3 the optic nerve, CN II , pierces the sclera in the back of the eye creating a blind spot (where there is no sight) = optic disc perioptic nerve exits out of the eye where the optic disc blind spot is located the optic disc lacks photoreceptors: rods and cones anterior chamber H2O secretion (bathes eye) posterior chamber vitreous humor, a gel like substance, gives the eyeball its shape 2. Vascular tunic also called the uvea, forms the middle tunic a) choroid contains melanocytes and serves to absorb light and prevent light from scattering with in the eye ball itself b) cilliary muscle body continuation of choroid, made of smooth muscle, attaches to the suspensory ligaments (made of collagen fibers). The suspensory ligaments inturn attach to the lens. It is really composed of two different types of muscle i. radial muscle (longitudinal), important in distinguish dim light ii. circular muscle cones, color, central vision, close vision c) iris is a continuation of the cilliary body/ cilliary muscle. It encircles the lens. ...

How to Write a Romance Novel ðŸ ðŸ

How to Write a Romance Novel ðŸ’â€" 📕 How to Write a Romance Novel Romance novels have always captured our hearts - they contain the intrigue, intimacy, and basic human drama that all readers love. And while it was once a â€Å"shameful† genre read mostly in secret, romance today is having a huge moment, with mega-popular books like Outlander and Crazy Rich Asians even being adapted for film and TV. So why not get in on the zeitgeist and learn how to write a romance novel of your very own?Luckily, though love itself may be hard to explain, the process of writing about it isn’t. Here are our seven best tips for writing romance, including all the crucial elements you need. We’ll use examples from a variety of sources to show you how to employ them - though not all these examples are strictly romance themselves, their tropes and techniques are key to the genre. How to write romance that'll make your readers swoon  Ã°Å¸Ëœ  1. Find your nicheIf you've never even tried to write romance before, don’t worry - we’ll start you off easy. The first thing to know is that the genre, like Walt Whitman, is large and contains multitudes. There’s no one right way to write romance, as evidenced by the fact that it encompasses so many subgenres!Popular subgenres of romance include:HistoricalContemporaryYoung adultFantasyParanormal/supernaturalReligious or spiritualEroticSo if you’re concerned that your writing won’t â€Å"fit† with the genre, never fear: you just have to find the right niche. And the best way to do that is by reading romance yourself! Of course, you may have already read quite a bit within a particular subgenre and you’re confident that’s where you fit in. But if not, now’s the time to explore the many glorious facets that romance has to offer. 2. Set the stage effectivelySetting is absolutely paramount in romance. Why? Well, for a couple of reasons:Romance is all about escape - and if the setting isn’t immersive enough, readers won’t be able to lose themselves in the story.Many romance authors go on to write a series based on their first novel (more on that later). So the setting needs to be a place both reader and author will want to return to, book after book.What defines a strong setting in romance?Contemporary romances tend to have cozy, small-scale settings: quaint villages, college campuses, etc. There might be a local haunt where the main characters frequently meet (such as a diner or bookstore), and where gossiping friends and neighbors hang around to add a bit of comedy. If you’re sticking to the standard, you’ll want to have one of these â€Å"compact† settings where people can’t help but run into each other. 😉If you’re writing for a more specific subgenre , however, your setting could take on different qualities. For example, the historical romance Outlander takes place in a small settlement in the Scottish Highlands, but the constant tension and violence that occurs there doesn’t exactly make for a cutesy, cozy setting. Nevertheless, it works for the story because threats from the outside ultimately bring the main couple closer together. A strong main couple is key to compulsively readable romance. Image: Buena Vista Pictures4. Use tried-and-true tropesNow we’re getting into the meat and potatoes of the story. Again, there are so many possible paths for your main couple to take, it’d be impossible to describe them all! But here are just a few tried-and-true devices that many romance authors have used successfully. (If you’re hungry for more, you can always check out this post on classic romance tropes.)Friends/enemies to loversTwo of the most beloved romantic devices of all time. The main couple knows each other, but they just don’t see each other in that way - or they may not like each other at all.  Ã°Å¸Ëœ § Luckily, all that's about to change.Friends to lovers tends to work best when there’s another big conflict or project distracting one or both of the main characters, so they don’t get together until the very end. This is basically the plot of that Netflix movie Set I t Up: the two main characters are so focused on getting their bosses to fall in love, they don’t realize that they themselves would make a great couple.Enemies to lovers is the perfect device for two characters who clash in some fundamental way. For example, one might be very Type A and the other more Type B (see: 27 Dresses). Or one is a hardworking single parent while the other is a spoiled rich bachelor/bachelorette who’s never had to work a day in their lives (see: Overboard).And of course, there’s always enemies to friends to lovers - arguably the most effective and realistic iteration of this trope, as evidenced by Pride and Prejudice and When Harry Met Sally. The hero and heroine hate each other at first sight, gradually get to know one another and become friends, and ultimately fall deeply in love. It’s the perfect combination of fiery tension and genuine connection, and if you can pull it off, the payoff is incredibly satisfying.One helps the ot her one healAs we discussed, the hero in romance often has some deep psychological wound inflicted by his past. (The heroine can, too, but it’s more common among heroes.) It might just be a backstory detail, but it can also serve as a source of conflict for your couple: the damage impedes their relationship or his mental health, so the heroine has to help the hero heal.A prime example of this device occurs in Me Before You, in which the heroine, Louisa, literally becomes a carer for a quadriplegic man named Will. Will is bitter and depressed at first, but eventually he opens up to Lou and becomes much less negative - not to mention he helps her see own potential. We’re not going to give out any spoilers, but it’s safe to say that he’s much better off for having met her, and both agree that their time together was invaluable.Choosing each other all over againAh, the quintessential trope of Rachel McAdams movies. For those who haven’t seen The Noteb ook or The Vow, this device involves the hero and heroine either being separated for a very long time, or one of them outright forgetting who the other one is - due to amnesia, dementia, or some supernatural phenomenon. Then they have to choose each other all over again, hence proving that they’re well and truly soulmates. (For a more recent example, check out the season four Black Mirror episode â€Å"Hang the DJ.†)Also remember that, as much as readers love these devices, it’s still important to put your own spin on them. Infuse unique elements to add intrigue/suspense, or just for pure entertainment! For example, Ten Things I Hate About You is based on Shakespeare’s classic romantic comedy The Taming of the Shrew - but it’s set in modern day with high schoolers, which makes it much more fresh and accessible. A new romance book template... that's made for you Read post One of the best tactics for writing intimate scenes is to simply study those that you think are written well. The author you emulate will depend on your subgenre and personal taste, but some mainstream authors who write good, nuanced love and sex scenes are Curtis Sittenfeld, Sally Rooney, and yes, Nicholas Sparks. The more you read and hone your own language for it, the better your love scenes will be. Trust us: your readers will thank you. Tips for writing love scenes 🔠¥ and more on how to write romance ⠝ ¤Ã¯ ¸  6. Don’t neglect secondary charactersWhile the main couple is obviously where most of your characterization focus should be, secondary characters are critical to a well-rounded romance. After all, when the heroine’s agonizing over her hot-and-cold text conversation with the hero, who’s she going to ask for advice? Why, her Tinder aficionado roommate, of course.Secondary characters fill out the world of your romance novel. Friends, family, neighbors, coworkers, and even arch-enemies - say, someone who’s competing with one of your main characters for the other character’s interest - all contribute to making the story come to life.Best friends are typically the most important secondary characters in romance, since they’re the ones who dispense advice, give pep talks, and generally add color to the story. They’re often a little bit quirky, but that’s why the main characters love them†¦ and why readers do too!Still, ensure tha t most of the focus remains on your main couple, as we mentioned. Former Harlequin editor Ann Leslie Tuttle notes that secondary characters can sometimes become â€Å"too pervasive† in romance, which is a big no-no. â€Å"You don’t want to run the risk of making them more interesting than your own hero and heroine,† she says.Series potential?Having a solid secondary character presence is especially important if you want to turn your novel into a series. There are a few ways to create a series from a standalone romance, but one of the easiest (and most enticing to readers!) is to write the next novel about one (or two) of the secondary characters - especially best friends, siblings, or romantic competitors of the main characters. Emily Giffin does this seamlessly in her novels, Something Borrowed and Something Blue: two of the heroine’s best friends in the first book, who initially seem like opposites, end up getting together in the sequel.This strategy i s great because it ensures a smooth transition from book to book, since readers will already be familiar with the setting and cast of characters. Plus, it sets you up for a cycle that you could theoretically repeat ad infinitum: each new sequel simply centers around characters who were secondary in the previous book. Best of luck and have fun romancing your readers!  Ã°Å¸â€™ËœWhat's one of the best ways to hone your romance writing craft? Reading, of course! Here are some Reedsy Discovery lists of romance books to get you started (and possibly find your niche):40+ Paranormal Romance Books with Bite30+ Best Young Adult Romance Books That You Can't Miss Out OnThe 10 Best Historical Romance Novels Like Outlander

The Analysis of the Strategic situation of ARM Holdings Essay

The Analysis of the Strategic situation of ARM Holdings - Essay Example he foremost suppliers of intellectual property (IP) semiconductors that possess a significant impact upon the advancement as well as the progression of digital electronic products. The company’s headquarter is located in Cambridge of United Kingdom and it has engaged more than 2000 people within their organisation. The company has its offices worldwide including its design centres especially in France, India, Sweden and the US (ARM Ltd., 2012). ARM Holdings was founded in the year 1990 and the profits of the company rapidly expanded over and above the total profits of the then semiconductor industry. The company sells over 800 processor licenses to in excess of 250 companies throughout the world with superior quality. Along with rapidly expanding in terms of profits within the overall semiconductor industry, ARM also has gained outstanding market share as compared to its other competitors (ARM Ltd., 2012). ARM Holdings mainly deals with outstanding products such as high-performance processors, system IP products, astonishing multimedia hardware products, extensive offering of physical IP products and software development instruments that are utilised in every phase of application development (ARM Ltd., 2012). In the paper, an overall analysis of the different business strategic circumstances especially of ARM Holdings will be taken into concern. Various aspects that include the application of Porter’s five forces model, value chain framework analyses of ARM Holdings along with Intel as comparison in order to evaluate their business models, suitable recommendations and an amassed conclusion will be portrayed in the discussion of this paper. ARM Holdings is essentially regarded as a part of semiconductor or microprocessor industry. The microprocessors are a kind of semiconductors. The semiconductors are the materials that generally conduct electricity and can be easily regulated acting as conductors and insulators. Presently, the semiconductor appliances are

Current Issue Assignment - Article Summary and Analysis Essay

Current Issue Assignment - Article Summary and Analysis - Essay Example ility for the company’s financial misstatements,† according to a news article published in Business Week on 30 October 2006, â€Å"Taro Pharma CFO Resigns after Report,† and submitted through The Associated Press (Hawthorne, NY). Taro has hired a law firm to probe the details of the case gathered by its own audit committee. Furthermore, the company has reported that â€Å"a member of the company’s senior financial management caused Taro to make misleading statements† to the SEC and the company’s auditor, Ernst & Young. The CFO of Taro and the unidentified financial management officer â€Å"vigorously disagreed† with the report before they both resigned. At present, the company has an interim chief administrative and restructuring officer, whose main job is to help Taro reduce its costs and restructure debt. The company is looking to obtain bank waivers as it cannot be compliant with some of its creditors because of the late filing of the annual report. For a company to ensure that it is legally safe and financially sound in the short as well as the long run, it is crucial to have financial statements that are both accurate and foolproof (Spiro 1996). Any financial management officer may blunder with numbers, either deliberately or not so. Inaccurate financial statements may wreck the budgeting process, cause significant damage to a company’s reputation, and make it rather difficult for it to obtain loans in future. True financial statements are the lifeblood of an organization. A company is connected with the public at large through its products and services, and also its shareholders, suppliers, and the families of its employees, besides its lenders (Spiro). A financial misstatement – depending on the discrepancy between a correct financial statement and a financial misstatement – may hurt all the members of society it interacts with, no matter who is responsible for the error. Finally, it is vital for all financial managers to team up with

Cadbury Strategic Analysis

Cadbury Strategic Analysis The individual report assesses the critical aspects of the strategic choices available to Cadbury. Recommendations are given to assess the companys perspectives on the revenue growth and profit as well as market share. The report assesses marketing strategy models applied by Cadbury to indicate its market and competitive position. Furthermore, strategic segmentation is critically evaluated on the basis of the multi-step process to identify the most financially attractive segments for Cadbury. Available industry position strategic options are identified on the basis of the strategic framework. Competitor reaction provides critical assessment of possible competitors reactions as well as competitors strategic options that are counteractive to Cadburys strategic plans. Finally, the report proposes and justifies the most preferable strategic option for its further business operations. Cadburys background In 1831 John Cadbury founded his company Cadbury which has successfully covered and revolutionized the cocoa processing market since 1866. In 1969 Cadbury successfully merged with Schweppes. Today, internationally acknowledged as a reputable corporation with the acclaimed international status, Cadbury Schweppes PLC (hereinafter referred to as Cadbury) successfully employs more than 50,000 people in 60 countries of the world  [1]  . The company is strategically positioned as the fourth top supplier of sugar confectionery and chocolate in the world. The most successful product promoted by the company since 1905 is Dairy Milk which has become the most popular moulded chocolate in the UK as well as internationally acclaimed chocolate bar in terms of revenue  [2]  . Overall, Cadburys strategic success is due to three core pillars: high quality, sound advertising, and value for money  [3]  . 1. Marketing Strategy Models Cadbury strategically applies marketing models as a combination of activities to transfer its products to the end-customers. Vast variety of marketing activities requires proper management of to effectively promote products on the confectionary markets through marketing channels. In its strategic choice of appropriate marketing model, Cadbury emphasizes on such strategic issues: Connecting Cadbury with customers; Performing sales, promotions and advertising; Impacting Cadburys pricing strategy; Influencing product strategy through willingness to stock, branding policies, and profit customizing  [4]  . The selection of the most advantageous marketing strategy for Cadbury depends on a number of factors. Thus, marketing strategy should be perceived as the designated action plan which will help Cadbury to reach its strategic aims and objectives. Cadburys long-term marketing strategy (based on Ansoff matrix) concerns the launch of new chocolate brands and their promotion on the global markets. Alternatively, the company should win more international markets through the manufacturing and exporting new products (e.g. cereal bars). Further recommendations concern the appropriateness of the strategic choices to be made by Cadbury in the nearest future  [5]  . In terms of further strategic growth, Cadbury should apply Ansoff Growth Matrix while focusing on new products and perspective markets. Apparently, there is no need for Cadbury to advance and promote the existing chocolate products since they are already widely acknowledged in terms of quality and high reputation among the Cadburys target markets  [6]  . Appropriate marketing channels set up the strategy which enables Cadbury to win competition, avoid tactical mistakes, maximize profits and achieve success. Cadbury should therefore figure out how it measures success before it can go out and conquer it, whether it is market share, profit margin, return on investment, residual income, brand image, a reputation for being environmentally green, stock share price, or some other measure its stakeholders deem worthy  [7]  . Most companies compete in the market by applying competitive priorities, including quality, cost, flexibility as well as other priorities, depending on their manufacturing capacity. Top management support is the major driver of quality management, which significantly correlates with other quality management practices. In addition to this, customer orientation is not significantly correlated with external quality results (profitability). At that, top management support, employee training, and employee involvement are the three statistically significant variables in explaining the variability in internal quality results  [8]  . Cadburys marketing channels are aimed at the consumer market. The company is focusing much on the needs and wants of the consumer and what exactly differentiates its products from the competition to develop more sales in this market. Thus, Cadbury is working on the promotion of its direct model to create a better position for itself in the consumer market. The peculiarity of Cadburys advertising campaign consists in its focus on the emotions of the chocolate lovers compared to merely logical side of marketing and sales. In such a way, Cadbury reassures its customer support by applying strong emotional advertising campaign focusing on the preferences and likes of the consumers when they opt for a chocolate purchase. In addition to faster transactions, shorter lines and happier customers, such strategic approach to market modeling enables to see interaction with the business through the eyes of the customer, understand customers values and demands, and seek ways to disrupt the competit ive balance. For these purposes, the company is applying such customer-oriented sources as print media, television, radio, Internet, as well as social networks. While aiming to increase Cadburys sales, the companys management emphasizes on the appropriateness of particular marketing activities that would best encourage the demand for Cadburys products. Cadburys marketing objectives coincide with its business strategy priorities ultimately targeted at profit-making and sales increase. Strategic marketing models for Cadbury are identified as follows: (1) Profit maximisation; (2) Survival; (3) Growth; (4) Sales maximisation; (5) Diversification; and (6) Improvement of product image. The rational combination of these strategic marketing models determines the competitive market position of Cadburys. Through profit maximisation, Cadbury solves dual strategic task withstanding competition, on the one hand, and restoring its financial health, on the other hand. Through growth, Cadbury sells new products and expands its exports overseas. This strategy model enables the company to cover new market niches internationally  [9]  . As for now, the company is present in 60 countries worldwide. Meanwhile, the company permanently increases and maximizes its sales. Through diversification, Cadbury spreads its business risks regardless of the successfulness of the sales of one particular product. In marketing terms, it is of utmost strategic importance that Cadbury constantly improves the image of its products by: (1) launching new brands; (2) introducing innovative logos; and (3) applying attractive and convenient packaging. For instance, while promoting one of its chocolate products Fuse, Cadbury marketing strategy was aimed at the growth of chocolate confectionery market, as well as the intensification of its presence on the snacking sector. Prior to launching Fuse, Cadbury ensured that Fuse differed (had relevant points of difference) from the already existing competitors chocolates. While conquering the snaking sector and establishing its competitive share therein, Cadbury created USP (unique selling proposition) which meant that Fuse had unique appeal which differed from any of the existing rival chocolates. It is apparent that the implementation of a successful marketing strategy model requires solid investment. While promoting Fuse, Cadbury heavily invested into testing products ingredients. As a result, final recipe of Fuse included a combination of more than 250 ingredients. This indicates that in marketing terms Cadbury closely related product development to the specialized testing. This helped the company to reach proper consumer demand. The desired outcome was to make each customer feel comfortable with purchased product and not regret their choice. At that, Cadbury is not applying the methods of extreme advertising since its most powerful advertising tool is the word of mouth. In addition, purchasing the products, the customers are feeling they are backed. To enhance consumer demand for its products and establish line promotion Cadbury actively applies available consumer media and advertising sources (including popular magazines, Internet, radio, TV and newspapers). Since 1990s, the company promotes its brands through the taste-stimulating approach which claims that Chocolate is Cadbury. Such high recognition is owned to the brand values previously promoted by the Company, and so now the consumers associate the name of a company with the chocolate as well as the pleasure of chocolate tasting. Since 2000, Cadbury Schweppes enters international markets with Choose Cadbury marketing strategy. The promotional strategy considers consumer awareness as well as the rationality of consumer buying behaviour. The choice of Cadburys marketing strategy is built on the consideration of universal consumer choice. In its strategic consumer-oriented thinking Cadbury developed proper texture and distinctive taste that appeal to the consumers all over the world regardless of their national chocolate preferences  [10]  . Cadburys strategic marketing model was designated in a way to satisfy the major preferences of chocolate lovers. Therefore, the company produced its two most successful brands Dairy Milk to suit dark milk chocolate admirers, and Cadburys Whole Nut, Dream and CDM to suit cream milk chocolate lovers  [11]  . Cadburys product-specialized market strategy enabled the company to grow its market share and lead competition with its main competitors on the confectionery market. 2. Segmentation The annual sales on the UK confectionary market ranges from 5 to 6 billion. Herewith, chocolate sales amount to about 70% and worth 3-4bilion accordingly. Since 2003, Cadbury has been increasing own share on the UK confectionary market which makes up about 1/3 of the market. The remaining part is distributed among Cadburys main rivals Nestle and Mars. While segmenting its target market Cadbury divides heterogeneous demand markets into homogenous groups which are grounded on similar features. Homogeneous segment enables the company to divide its target markets on the basis of homogeneous features  [12]  . While dividing its target market into segments, Cadbury applies segmenting criteria that particularly feature each part of the market: Geographic Segmentation; Demographic Segmentation; Benefits-Sought Segmentation; Psychographic Segmentation; Behavior/Usage Segmentation; and Situation Segmentation Segmentation Base groups diversify target markets on the basis of such criteria as: social class, lifestyles and psychological features (attitudes, interests and opinions), and include the following: Social class; Life-cycle; Income Level; Education; and Ethical background  [13]   Cadburys target market is segmented on the basis of the benefits demanded by the customers with regard to specific chocolate products. Purchase situation assumes: Social surroundings; Physical surroundings; and Temporal perspective The segmentation of Cadburys target markets is made with the consideration of how often consumers buy chocolate products. In this regard, Paretos Principle of 80/20 indicates that 80% of revenue is generated by 20% of customers. Segmentation variables used to segment business markets: Industry; Size; Product demand; Purchasing approaches; Geographic factors; Situational factors; and Seasonal trends In addition, while segmenting its target markets, Cadbury considers the following issues: Differences in consumer preferences for particular chocolate products; The co-relation of the variability of individual customer preferences with the measurable variables; The profitability of the targeted market segment considering its purchasing power and size capacity; and The accessibility and attractiveness of the targeted market  [14]  . 3. Industry position strategic options Cadburys strategic positioning is determined by the choice of appropriate pricing techniques. While emphasizing on high quality of its products, effective promotion and sound advertising, as well as value for money, the company applies competitive pricing strategy to ensure that the adjusted prices do not exceed those of the competitors  [15]  . This strategic choice is reasonable and justified since regardless of individual taste preferences or any other essential factors, consumers regard product value as one of the most decisive factors while making their purchasing decisions. Therefore, Cadbury cannot apply skimming pricing technique in the course of designing and launching a new product. This technique can be applied under the conditions of inelastic demand  [16]  . In addition to the effectively applied competitive pricing strategy, Cadbury focuses on cost plus pricing which helps the company to maximize it profits. While accurately accounting all its costs, Cadbury reaches optimal supply and demand balance and well-balanced positioning on the market compared to its competitors. Alternatively, Cadbury applies positioning pricing to set up the prices with the consideration of demand-side concerns. Through polling and surveying its target markets, Cadburys experts designate the optimal price range that would satisfy the majority of the consumers. This positioning technique is particularly applied to better sell Cadburys chocolate bean, for example. Optimal trading also depends on the financial capacity of the demand-side. Therefore, Cadbury applies demand-based pricing to critically assess the purchasing power of the majority of its consumers. Only under such conditions the company is able to trade its products in accordance with the strategically planned volumes. Hence, selling at the customers price brings Cadbury profits, good reputation and positive feedback from the majority of its customers. 4) Competitor reaction Cadbury should develop new products and promote them domestically as well as internationally. Such product/market growth approach will ensure that the company has diversified range of products which are available and well-recognizable in many countries of the world  [17]  . Such strategic choice will provide the company with enormous comparative advantages over its competitors and will help it to better cope with the hurdles of the global economic crisis. Most importantly, such strategic step will erase the common stereotype claiming that consumers mostly associate Cadbury with chocolate. Evidently, Chocolate is Cadbury marketing approach much facilitated the companys success over the last decade. However, considering the challenges of the global competitive markets, this strategy will not be suitable any longer. Hence Cadbury should transform it into more powerful and innovative global image. The variety of new high-quality and reasonably-priced products will add value to the business activity of Cadbury and will win new overseas markets for the company. This task would require the company to carefully design and develop innovative brands of its products which are not yet present on any of the foreign markets, and which will be potentially demanded by the consumers (i.e. target markets)  [18]  . While developing innovative products and penetrating overseas markets, Cadbury should initially consider the demand-side of its target markets. Among the most important criteria are the following: (1) Average income; (2) Average spending amount on one-time supermarket/store purchasing; (2) Average amount consumers are ready to spend on chocolates, candies, cookies, and/or sweets; (3) PESTLE analysis of the target market with the consideration of the adverse affects caused by the global economic meltdown; and (4) Porter analysis of the targeted market. Such wide coverage of strategic issues will win Cadbury competitive advantage and increase its share on the foreign markets. 5) Preferred strategy Cadburys choice of the optimal marketing strategy should consider their chances of success in terms of market diversification. To reach optimal market diversification, the company should ensure that its new product adheres to the customers needs and preferences. Extensive market research will help Cadbury to explicitly identify its potential target markets for a new product. Herewith, Cadburys marketers should consider the following strategic factors: (1) Financial health of the targeted market; (2) Purchasing capacity of target market; (3) National and individual preferences of target market; (4) Previous experiences of target market in terms of buying and tasting the similar products produced by competitor companies; (5) SWOT analysis in each individual case will ensure that Cadbury eliminates all the possible constraints to the minimum and transforms the threats into potential opportunities. Realistic and achievable strategic objectives should be set in accordance with the SMART approach which designates specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and timed steps. All strategic steps should be done within the framework of the ongoing marketing research of the target markets as well as vast communication with the potential customers. Questionnaires, opinion polls, surveys, feedbacks and any other networking and communication approaches should be widely applied to critically examine the perspective of the product export to the new market. Prior to designate consumer-friendly price, Cadbury should make the consumers want more. Thus, one of the commonest practices will be free-trial approach that will help Cadbury to seduce consumers with the quality, design, taste, and odour of the new product. Eventually, in addition to the marketing research and consumer communication, Cadbury should vastly apply psychological approaches to evaluate the degree of rationality of the buying behaviour of target market. Contrary to popular belief, most buying decisions and purchasing choices are made irrationally. This is because most purchases are made in a rush as well as under the influence of many additional factors, such as in-store influencers, advice from relatives and/or friends. Normally, buyers do not consult experts of which brand of chocolate to choose. This indicates that Cadbury should consider contingency and diversity of consumer choices  [19]  . Summing up the critical examination of Cadburys strategic marketing choices, it is obvious that one-suit-it-all strategic approach will not bring the company long-term benefits. This means that under the conditions of booming globalization of goods and services, Cadbury should win competitive advantages, new markets, and most importantly consumers through flexibility, innovation, and individual-based approaches to its target markets. The companys market diversification should involve all the domestic factors and conditions as well as consumers as such if the company attempts to reach optimal supply and demand balance, add value, and maximize its profits. The analysis has also shown that single marketing strategy is not enough to achieve strategic objectives and financial success in the contemporary business conditions. Thus, Cadbury should permanently experiment and apply the mix of strategic marketing models which optimal combination will depend on the individual conditions particular to the individual targeted markets. The successful implementation of any strategic marketing model would therefore require situational flexibility as well as the readiness to change under the circumstances. Such variability will enable the company to designate and implement strategic marketing mix which will be individual and particular to each strategic marketing model  [20]  . For instance, the strategic marketing combination of approaches to diversifying Indonesian market will be not the same as the strategic marketing mix applied to the Norwegian market. This is because both markets present heterogeneous cultures, backgrounds, national traditio ns. These economies are different and diverse. This means that Cadbury should vary its strategic approaches on each individual market.

Nanjing Massacre

Genocide Research Project Questions and Instructions Research Reminders * Each student must answer all questions. * Record references for all information used to answer the questions. (copy and paste to a word document or save to your H: drive or print a copy) * Only research will be conducted today. You will not work on your presentation until all research is completed. * You must get information from 9 sources, most from Galileo. * In Galileo, select History References and Full Text. Enter your country and genocide as search terms. You will have to READ the articles to find information. Write the answers, cut and paste, or type into your word document with a reference to the source. * Use the citation option to get the APA citation for the source. Copy and paste into your word document. All questions must be answered with correct source citations by the end of class. This assignment will count as a quiz grade. You can access the word document on Edmodo or Ms. Youse’s webpage . Open it and save it to your H: drive before you begin your research. Name _______________ Date ___________ Period______ Country___________Research Questions, Answers, and Sources 1. What historical, cultural, social events led to this particular case of genocide? In December 1937, the then-Chinese capital of Nanjing fell to the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA). China, under the control of the Nationalist government (the KMT), had been engaged in full-scale conflict with Japan since July of that year in what is known as the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). During 1937, Japanese forces captured several major Chinese cities, including Shanghai, whose taking enabled the invading army to advance on the capital.By the time the IJA entered an already-bombarded Nanjing on December 13, the KMT had withdrawn its army, leaving the city officially defenceless. Source: Kinney, D. (2012). Rediscovering a massacre: The filmic legacy of Iris Chang's The Rape of Nanking. Continuum: Journal Of Media ; Cultural Studies, 26(1), 11-23. doi:10. 1080/10304312. 2012. 630136 2. Where did this genocide occur? Identify a specific place and its relative location on the planet. Nanjing (nan? jing? ) or Nanking (nan? king? ) [southern capital], city (1994 est. pop. 2,224,200), capital of Jiangsu prov. E central China, in a bend of the Chang (Yangtze) River. It has served at times in the past as capital of China. The second largest city in the region (after Shanghai), Source: Nanjing. (2013). Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, 1. 3. When did this case of genocide occur? How long did it last? The events that ensued over six weeks – including mass rape and killing of both civilians and disarmed military personnel – are known collectively as the Nanjing Massacre. Its death toll remains hotly disputed particularly among Japanese historians, though the official Chinese estimate is 300,000.Source: Kinney, D. (2012). Rediscovering a massacre: The filmic legacy o f Iris Chang's The Rape of Nanking. Continuum: Journal Of Media & Cultural Studies, 26(1), 11-23. doi:10. 1080/10304312. 2012. 630136 4. What are/were the targeted races, ethnicities, tribes, or religions? On December 13, 1937, the invading Japanese army captured Nanking and ruthlessly butchered Chinese disarmed soldiers and civilians, madly looted Chinese properties, and indulgently torched down private and public buildings. However, the most heinous of all was their shameless, cruel rape of Chinese women.An eyewitness, H. J. Timperley, a reporter of the â€Å"Manchester Guardian,† said in his book that the desecrated Nanking was â€Å"an earthly hell. † Source: Hu, H. W. (1992). Don't forget the Chinese Women under the Rape of Nanking. Chinese American Forum, 7(4), 20-23 5. Provide relevant background information about the region and the conflict. Nanjing is at the intersection of three major railroad lines. Industry, which once centered around nankeen cloth (unbleac hed cotton goods), was vigorously developed under the Communist government.The city now has an integrated iron-steel complex, an oil refinery, food-processing establishments, and hundreds of plants making chemicals, textiles, cement, fertilizers, machinery, weapons, electronic equipment, optical instruments, photographic equipment, and trucks. Nanjing has long been celebrated as a literary and political center. It was the capital of China from the 3d to 6th cent. A. D. and again from 1368 to 1421. The Treaty of Nanjing, signed in 1842 at the end of the Opium War, opened China to foreign trade. During the Taiping Rebellion insurgents held the city from 1853 to 1864.It was captured by the revolutionists in 1911, and in 1912 it became the capital of China's first president, Sun Yat-sen. When in 1927 the city fell to the Communists, the foreign residents fled to the protection of British and American warships on the Chang River. The Kuomintang under Chiang Kai-shek retook the city, and it became (1928) the regular Nationalist capital. In 1932, when the Japanese were threatening to attack the city, the government was temporarily removed to Luoyang, and on Nov. 21, 1937, just before Nanjing fell to the Japanese, it was moved to Chongqing.The Japanese entry into the city, accompanied by widespread killing and brutality, became known as the rape of Nanking. Source: Nanjing. (2013). Reloaded Content, 1. 6. Name all of the groups involved in the conflict. Describe each group. Source: 7. What were the major and the underlying causes of the genocide? What do the perpetrators of the genocide hope to accomplish? Source: 8. Was there an event that â€Å"sparked† the killings? (for example, the President’s plane crash in Rwanda) If so, what was the inciting incident? Source: 9. What occurred during the genocide? A.Who was targeted and why? B. Who did the killing? C. What methods were used? D. How long did it last? E. How many people were killed? Source: 10. How did the genocide end? Source: 11. Was there any involvement from the international community (individual countries or the United Nations)? If so, what? If not, why? Source: 12. What were/are the lasting effects of the genocide? Some questions to consider are? A. What was the country/region like directly after the genocide? B. What is the country/region like today? C. Are there still tensions between the groups involved? Source:

Why Does Plato Considers Ordinary Human Existence to...

WHY DOES PLATO COMPARE ORDINARY HUMAN EXISTENCE TO THAT OF CHAINED PRISONERS IN A CAVE? Plato in his famous Allegory of Cave compared the ordinary human existence to that of chained prisoners in a cave. According to Plato, we are all stuck in a false reality in this world like prisoners in a cave. His cave theory still applies today in the sense that the people are influenced and controlled by the world around them. They do not want to realize or seek the truth; instead they wish to live in the comfort zone inside the cave. THE ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE: PLATO, REPUBLIC. Plato assumed the existence of human life in a cave. In his view, human beings are tied as prisoners in a cave and they could only see the shadows of real†¦show more content†¦Why we are living with shadows? Whether we are all ignorant? Or we are all lazy enough to find out the reality? Or we are slaves of these shadows? Is everything we saw are lies, then what is the real truth? Is knowledgeable realm, form of good is the last thing to be seen? According to Plato, the shadows inside the cave are â€Å"illusion†. Buddha’s first expression of enlightment was â€Å"all is illusion† .All Buddhist practices aimed at disabusing a person of their illusions. Presently Buddhism teaches to pierce through the two veils of illusion, which are conflicting emotions and false beliefs about reality. Everything is illusion in this world. According to Advaita school of Vedanta, Brahman is the only reality; the appearance of dualities and differences in this world is a superimposition on Brahman, called Maya. Maya is the illusionary and creative aspect of Brahman. Advaita accepts Plato’s view on reality. Everything inside the cave is shadows and are false realities. These are temporary. Likewise everything in this world is illusion and is temporary. According to Buddhism, ‘reflection of yourself’ is enlightment. Reflection means finding answers for ‘Who am I ?’ ‘Why am I here?’ ‘Where do I go after death?’ ‘What will I be?’But Plato’s view is that knowing reality is enlightment. Reality means form of good. Mahayana Sutra says; â€Å"The truth was never preached by the Buddha, seeing thatShow MoreRelatedWhy Does Plato Considers Ordinary Human Existence to Thatos Chained Prisoners in a Cave1633 Words   |  7 PagesWHY DOES PLATO COMPARE ORDINARY HUMAN EXISTENCE TO THAT OF CHAINED PRISONERS IN A CAVE? Plato in his famous Allegory of Cave compared the ordinary human existence to that of chained prisoners in a cave. According to Plato, we are all stuck in a false reality in this world like prisoners in a cave. His cave theory still applies today in the sense that the people are influenced and controlled by the world around them. They do not want to realize or seek the truth; instead they wish to live in Why Does Plato Considers Ordinary Human Existence to... WHY DOES PLATO COMPARE ORDINARY HUMAN EXISTENCE TO THAT OF CHAINED PRISONERS IN A CAVE? Plato in his famous Allegory of Cave compared the ordinary human existence to that of chained prisoners in a cave. According to Plato, we are all stuck in a false reality in this world like prisoners in a cave. His cave theory still applies today in the sense that the people are influenced and controlled by the world around them. They do not want to realize or seek the truth; instead they wish to live in the comfort zone inside the cave. THE ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE: PLATO, REPUBLIC. Plato assumed the existence of human life in a cave. In his view, human beings are tied as prisoners in a cave and they could only see the shadows of real things†¦show more content†¦Shadows are fake realities and they make us believe that they are the forms of reality. Several companies cheat the general public by mere advertisements. For example, pharmaceutical industries they produce drugs and they often chang e the content inorder to make sales and to earn profit. We have to figure out what is real and true. The media especially television and radio telecast only the assumptions rather than on reality. On the other hand, government is hiding everything and the politicians create the atmosphere of fake reality and they never tell the truth. For example, the American government started screening the sites of radio during the Vietman war inorder to hide the truth from the people. Thus, human beings exist in a place which is full of fake realities. According to â€Å"consciousness in Advaita Vedanta† by William.M.Indich, ‘form of the good, which is the supreme form of divine reason and thus the highest possible object of knowledge for individual soul or consciousness’. Advaita School of philosophical thought and the Plato’s views considers form of good as the divine form of knowledge and enlightment. In both schools of thought light plays an important role. Reachin g or Attaining light is enlightment. In the same book, â€Å"consciousness in Advaita Vedanta† William.M.Indich, â€Å"light of divine reason in Plato’s analogy not only accounts for the power by which the soul knows but also is the source of existence and essence of formsShow MoreRelatedWhy Does Plato Considers Ordinary Human Existence to Thatos Chained Prisoners in a Cave1618 Words   |  7 PagesWHY DOES PLATO COMPARE ORDINARY HUMAN EXISTENCE TO THAT OF CHAINED PRISONERS IN A CAVE? Plato in his famous Allegory of Cave compared the ordinary human existence to that of chained prisoners in a cave. According to Plato, we are all stuck in a false reality in this world like prisoners in a cave. His cave theory still applies today in the sense that the people are influenced and controlled by the world around them. They do not want to realize or seek the truth; instead they wish to live

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